Prostatitis: symptoms, treatment

Prostatitis is an inflammatory disease of the male prostate gland located directly under the bladder and is a secondary part of the genitals.

Every 7 man over 35 years old suffers from prostatitis, and with each naked risk of developing an inflammatory process in the prostate increases under the influence of external and internal factors.

Reasons

Inflammation of the prostate gland can develop for various reasons, doctors distinguish the main of them:

1. Violation of blood microcirculation in the pelvic organs - this leads to stagnant processes and helps to increase the prostate gland in size. The stagnant processes are facilitated by the obesity and conduct of a sedentary sedentary lifestyle.
2. The ingress of bacteria, viruses or protozoa in the tissue against the background of an acute or chronic inflammatory process in other organs flowing in the body - such diseases as angina, gonorrhea, urethritis, cystitis, flu, pyelonephritis can provoke prostatitis. The causative agents of infection can enter the prostate with a blood flow and lymph if there is an infection in remote areas and organs.
3. The injuries and bruises of the soft tissues of the abdomen, perineum and external genitalia - this leads to edema and impaired blood circulation in the damage zone;
4. Hypothermia of the body.
5. Chronic constipation.
6. Hormonal disorders.
7. Stormy or, conversely, the absent sexual life is harmful, both frequent sex (more than 1 time per day), as well as rare intimate relationships (less often 1 time per week), as this leads to depletion of the sex glands or stagnation in the prostate.

Symptoms of prostatitis

Distinguish between the acute and chronic form of the disease.

Acute prostatitis is characterized by a sudden beginning against the background of general well -being, which is clinically accompanied by the following symptoms:

• chills and weakness;
• general malaise;
• increased irritability and nervousness;
• increasing body temperature (not higher than 37. 5 degrees);
• pulling or cutting pains in the lower abdomen and in the perineum;
• frequent urge to urinate while preserving the feeling of incomplete emptying of the bladder;
• River's pain and difficulties with bowel movements.

In the absence of diagnosis and timely treatment, acute prostatitis can be complicated by a purulent process and the release of pus from the urethra during urination.

Signs of chronic prostatitis

In the transition of the disease into a chronic form of the course, the clinical signs of prostatitis subside and the patient seems to be a recovery. The characteristic features of the chronic inflammatory process in the prostate gland are burning along the urethra with irradiation to the crotch, which can be enhanced during urination and defecation. Gradually, the disease progresses and causes impotence. Chronic prostatitis implies periods of remission and exacerbation, but even at moments of exacerbation, the symptoms will be erased, not as pronounced as in an acute form. The following symptoms appear clinically:

• difficulties with an erection;
• the inability to complete sexual intercourse with ejaculation;
• decrease in sex drive;
• excretion from the urethra mucus with an admixture of white flakes;
• a sense of incomplete emptying of the bladder;
• pulling pains in the lower back, pubis and groin;
• A weak stream of urine - this is observed as a result of narrowing the lumen of the urethra against the background of its compression of an enlarged prostate.

The chronic sluggish inflammatory process in the urethra is irritating to the nerve endings of the pelvis and provokes constant urination, especially at night. Many men are embarrassed to see a doctor with such a delicate problem, which increases the risk of developing such serious complications as complete erectile dysfunction, infertility and even prostate cancer.

In addition, from the focus of a chronic infection in a prostate with a blood flow and lymphs, pathogens enter the kidneys, causing acute inflammation, urinary retention and increases the risk of renal failure.

The constant accumulation of urine in the bladder and urethra creates favorable conditions for the formation of salts crystals, and then stones - very often prostatitis in men proceeds in parallel with urolithiasis.

Diagnostic methods

Diagnosis, treatment and prevention of prostatitis is done by a doctor urologist. To make a diagnosis, determine the shape and cause of the inflammatory process in the prostate gland, a number of examinations are prescribed:

• Palpation of the prostate - is carried out through the rectum and allows you to detect an increase in size, pain, release of pus or mucus after palpation;
• Small discharge from the urethra - the resulting material is sent to study to the laboratory;
• urine analysis is general, etc. ;
• Ultrasound of the pelvic organs and prostate gland.

If the pathological process is suspected of spreading the pathological process to the patient, the patient is additionally carried out by cystoscopy - examination of the walls of the bladder using a flexible device equipped with an optical system at the end.

In the diagnosis of prostatitis, it is very important to differentiate the pathological process from the adenoma of the prostate and other urological diseases with a similar clinical course.

Treatment

The treatment of acute and chronic form of prostatitis differs, so patients are strongly recommended not to self -medicate.

The acute non -bacterial form of prostatitis is treated comprehensively using herbal preparations and anti -inflammatory drugs.

Treatment of acute bacterial prostatitis

The principles of therapy for the acute form of bacterial prostatitis directly depend on how pronounced the symptoms of the disease are.

A distinctive feature of bacterial prostatitis is the acute beginning and rapidly increasing signs of intoxication of the body - nausea, vomiting, headache, high body temperature. The process of emptying the bladder is accompanied by cutting pains in the lower abdomen and in the perineum, which are given to the lower back. Very often the purulent process joins and the abscess develops.

Treatment of acute bacterial prostatitis is carried out in a hospital, since the patient's condition can be extremely serious. Therapy consists in the complex approach:

• The patient must observe bed rest;
• Antibiotics are prescribed - macrolides, fluoroquinolons, cephalosporins;
• Preparations that improve blood microcirculation in the pelvic organs are selected. They provide the outflow of lymph and venous blood, which reduces the severity of edema and the inflammatory process in the prostate;
• Inside orally, drugs from a group of non -steroidal anti -inflammatory drugs are shown. These drugs not only reduces the inflammatory process, but also eliminate the pain syndrome;
• analgesics - you can take tablets inside or introduce rectal candles into the rectum;
• To eliminate intoxication of the body, a physiological solution of sodium with glucose is intravenously prescribed.

Important! Prostate massage is strictly prohibited, as the risk of sepsis is high.

Surgical treatment

Surgical intervention for prostatitis is required only if the patient develops a sharp delay in urine and there is no way to empty the bladder. You can not do without surgery and in the event of an abscess of the prostate gland.

The course of treatment of prostatitis lasts 14 days, after which the patient again conducts a comprehensive examination to assess the effectiveness of therapy. If necessary, the course of treatment is extended and adjusted.

Chronic treatment

The treatment of chronic prostatitis differs and largely depends on what stage of the course is the pathological process. In case of exacerbation of the inflammatory process, therapy is carried out similarly, as in acute prostatitis.

The treatment of chronic prostatitis during the remission is as follows:

1. The course intake of non -steroidal anti -inflammatory drugs. Present drugs 2 times a day of at least 3 days, sometimes up to 5 days.
2. Preparations that contribute to the improvement of venous and lymphatic outflow.
3. Immunomodulators.
4. Antidepressants and sedatives help to normalize sleep, eliminate irritability.
5. Polyvitamin complexes rich in zinc, selenium, vitamins of group V.

In the phase of the remission of the inflammatory process of prostate, the patient is shown physiotherapeutic treatment:

• prostate massage;
• ultrasound;
• electrophoresis;
• magnetotherapy;
• microwave hyperthermia.

Surgical treatment of chronic prostatitis

With neglected chronic prostatitis, the patient sometimes needs surgery. It can be carried out in two ways:

• transurethral resection;
• prostatectomy.

Transuretral resection

This method of surgical treatment refers to minimally invasive interventions, although it is performed under general anesthesia. During the procedure, a resectoscope is introduced under the urethra, through which electric current pulses are supplied. These electrical impulses act on the principle of an electric noise and partially remove the tissue of the prostate gland. A huge plus of this method of intervention is the lack of blood loss, since the electrical waves not only remove the modified tissues of the prostate, but also immediately treat blood vessels, preventing bleeding.

Transurethral resection significantly facilitates the patient's condition - after surgery, urination is restored, the man no longer burn in the crotch, he does not jump into the toilet at night. Erectile function and normal ejaculation are also restored. The entire process of the operation is controlled by a doctor on the monitor screen, so the risk of complications during operations or immediately after it is minimal.

Prostatectomy

Prostatectomy is a serious abdominal operation and is always associated with risks for the patient. During the operation, the doctor completely removes the prostate gland or most of it. The recovery period is 4-6 weeks, there is a high risk of developing postoperative complications, but sometimes this method of surgical intervention is the only way to alleviate the patient's condition and eliminate the consequences of the severe course of prostatitis.

Other methods of treatment of chronic prostatitis

Other methods of treating a chronic form of prostatitis include:

1. Hirudotherapy - or treatment with leeches. Medical leeches are installed on the inflammation zone, which in the process of their actions is released with saliva substance that puts blood in order, which eliminates stagnant phenomena and quickly relieves the inflammatory process. Leeches are used only special, medical, individual for each individual patient. After the procedure, the doctor puts the used leech in a desjector in which she dies. It is optimal to pass at least 5 hirudotherapy courses.
2. Cryodestruction - liquid nitrogen is used. This treatment method is shown to patients who are poorly lended to drug therapy, and the operation is contraindicated for some reason.
3. Microwave therapy in a special way - electromagnetic waves affect the prostate gland. After 1 procedure, tissue edema decreases, blood circulation is normalized, and stagnation is eliminated. After conducting the course of electromagnetic therapy, the patient completely restore urination and erectile function.
4. Treatment with ultrasound waves - allows you to quickly stop the inflammatory process that occurs in the remission phase, and ultrasound therapy is not carried out during the exacerbation. To enhance the therapeutic effect, drugs can be additionally used, which, under the influence of ultrasound, penetrate directly into the tissue of the prostate.
5. Urethra stenting - the essence of the procedure is to install a special stent in the urethra, which expands the lumen of the urethra and promotes normal urinary outflow. Despite the effectiveness of the procedure, stenting of the urethra only eliminates the clinical symptoms of prostatitis, but does not save the patient from the chronic inflammatory process.

Consequences and complications

In the absence of qualified therapy, prostatitis quickly progresses, goes into the chronic form of the current and threatens a man’s health with his severe complications, including:

• urolithiasis;
• pyelonephritis;
• abscess development;
• the spread of the inflammatory process to testicles and seed ropes, which leads to infertility;
• erectile dysfunction and impotence;
• Necrotic changes in the tissues of the prostate gland.

Sometimes for a long time prostatitis and chronic stagnant processes give an impetus to the degeneration of the disease into adenoma, and then prostate cancer.